Abstract
This paper puts forward the implementation of an intelligent type II fuzzy PID (T2-FPID) controller tweaked with a water cycle algorithm (WCA), subjected to an error multiplied with time area over integral (ITAE) objective index for regularizing the variations in frequency and interline power flow of an interconnected power system during load disturbances. The WCA-based T2-FPID is tested on a multi-area (MA) system comprising thermal-hydro-nuclear (THN) (MATHN) plants in each area. The dynamical behavior of the system is analyzed upon penetrating area 1 with a step load perturbation (SLP) of 10%. However, power system practicality constraints, such as generation rate constraints (GRCs) and time delays in communication (CTDs), are examined. Afterward, a territorial control scheme of a superconducting magnetic energy storage system (SMES) and a unified power flow controller (UPFC) is installed to further enhance the system performance. The dominancy of the presented WCA-tuned T2-FPID is revealed by testing it on a widely used dual-area hydro-thermal (DAHT) power system model named test system 1 in this paper. Analysis reveals the efficacy of the presented controller with other approaches reported in the recent literature. Finally, secondary and territorial regulation schemes are subjected to sensitivity analysis to deliberate the robustness.
Highlights
IntroductionParticipation of electrical utilities in the existing power system has been rapidly increasing to meet this ever-changing power demand
To notice the execution of the presented regulator water cycle algorithm (WCA)-optimized T2-FPID, a conventional hydro-thermal dual-area system is considered by perceiving area 1 with a disturbance of 10% step load perturbation (SLP)
PID optimized with hPSO-pattern search (PS) [22], are implemented to demonstrate WCA-based T2-FPID
Summary
Participation of electrical utilities in the existing power system has been rapidly increasing to meet this ever-changing power demand. As soon as a small load disturbance occurs on any of the control areas, there exists a considerable disturbance in the area frequency, making the entire interconnected system unhealthy. The stability and efficacy of the power system are more likely to be relied on damping out the variations in line flow and frequency that arise under disturbance conditions at the earliest. This task can be effectively addressed by a load frequency controller (LFC). A supreme and robust secondary regulatory control technique is essential to neutralize the impact of load variations on system performance
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