Abstract
Concentrations of nitrate, chlorine, and sodium ions in shallow groundwater beneath houses and farm lands were higher than those beneath forest. Tunnel seepage originated from shallow groundwater in the plateau because the plateau was separated from the surrounding plateau by rivers and tunnel was constructed in the foot of the plateau. Concentration of nitrate ion in tunnel seepage water as deep groundwater was lower than those in the shallow groundwater beneath houses and farm lands. As concentration of nitrate ion in tunnel seepage was very low and nitrate in a reduction condition such as tunnel seepage was decomposed by denitrifying bacteria, nitrate concentration was affected by denitrification. Concentrations of chlorine and sodium ions of tunnel seepage beneath forest were lower than those beneath houses and farm lands. Therefore, concentrations of chlorine and sodium ion in deep groundwater were affected by land use.
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