Abstract
This paper presents the consumptive water use for freshwater pond aquaculture for semi-intensive carps farming practices. The consumptive use of water includes evaporation loss, seepage loss and water exchanges requirements. The water requirement has been estimated to be10.3 m3/Kg of fish production under present study for semi-intensive culture and with supplemental feeding. Out of which7.6 m3/Kg of fish production is system associated requirement. On an average the evaporation loss from the pond is1498.3 mm/year and seepage loss per year is about1182.60 mm/year. Seepage and water exchange losses recharge the ground water aquifers and if they are treated and recycled, the water use in aquaculture can be reduced significantly. A further reduction in fresh water use in pond aquaculture is possible through development of intensive and superintensive culture systems and aqua feeds.
Highlights
Indian aquaculture has demonstrated a six and half fold growth over the last two decades, with freshwater aquaculture contributing over 95 percent of the total aquaculture production
More research is badly needed on water requirements in pond aquaculture and how to minimize the water use
This paper presents the consumptive water requirements for freshwater pond aquaculture at study site
Summary
Indian aquaculture has demonstrated a six and half fold growth over the last two decades, with freshwater aquaculture contributing over 95 percent of the total aquaculture production. The production of carp in freshwater and shrimps in brackish water form the major activity of the areas. Uncertainty in monsoon rain, scare and limited availability of freshwater resource have forced in rethinking wise-use of freshwater in aquaculture sector to increase water productivity. World in general and India in particular, the freshwater supply and reserve are under threat due to increased population following by increased demand of water in agriculture, aquaculture, industry and domestic sectors. More research is badly needed on water requirements in pond aquaculture and how to minimize the water use. Till date in India, very little work has been carried out in this regard to quantify optimum water requirement for hatchery, nursery, rearing and grow-out culture of carps. Because of increasing demand to produce more per unit volume of water resource, the quantification of water requirement
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