Water balancing actions of sodium and potassium chlorides for curcumin antioxidant activities in oil-water nanoformulations

Abstract

Ethanol and glycerol being 100 % water soluble hamper free radical scavenging activities (FRSA) of dispersed antioxidants, causing water scarcity as water dipoles balance the ζ-potential and stern layer kinetics. The strong electrolytes reoriented the secondary bonds of ethanol and glycerol to soften a medium resistance for philicphobic continuity attained with Mc〈t.n〉 state function. Herein, NaCl/KCl supplemented, sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS), tweens (Tw-20 and Tw-40) catalysed cottonseed oil (CSO) nanoformulations in water to monodisperse curcumin (curc), are reported. The Na+, K+, Cl− nanoionic hydration spheres (NHS) have re-engaged dipolar water molecules attached with ethanol and glycerol that balance a monodispersity via friccohesity (σ) enabling (50.61–99.84)% 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging. The NHS of Na+, K+, and Cl− have homogenized curc distribution elucidated via surface tension, γ, viscosity, η, friccohesity, σ, isentropic compressibility, κs, sound velocity, u and acoustic impedance, Z as binding forces (BF) controls. The (18.08–28.72), (32.82–37.06); (33.80–41.02), (29.36–35.88); (37.80–47.66), (30.13–41.46) γ with SDS, Tw-20 and Tw-40, have inferred 1.15–3.45 g NaCl and 1.75–5.2 g KCl dispersion activities. Alongside, the (0.020772–0.036525) and (0.022512–0.032197) σ, as secondary cohesive forces (CF) have revealed NHS shift in SDS-NaCl and Tw-20-KCl formulations. Ninety NaCl/KCl-SDS, Tw-20, Tw-40 permutations enabled (55.84–99.72), (50.60–99.84), (53.81–91.93)% DPPH scavenging at 4.47–7.31 pH. Friccohesity resonance energy transfer (FRET) of optimized nanoformulations depicted H to form H-N bond for DPPH scavenging illustrated with ΔH, ΔS, Ea < 0. The NaCl/KCl could be used with other polyphenols as these have increased surface energy, enabling FRET for intimate proximities.