Abstract
Water scarcity in dry land region is main problem which need to be solved as long the agricultural activity existed. The common technical way to sustain water is capturing rainfall and runoff and stored locally before they go through to the sea. Channel reservoir is simple water infrastructure or dam which consists of reinforced wall constructed by crossed a river channel to store run off flow and facilitate aquifer recharge. This paper aims to calculate a water balance to quantify the amount of water between the dam and hydrological system. Estimation of water balance is generated from rainfall data by Mock, Penman, and linked by mass conservation method. Volume of water during the dry season was gained consistently by 1964.53 m3 where it was above the minimum operation and the live storage capacity of this reservoir about 2,531 m3 where it was adequate to cover water demand for irrigation purpose. In conclusion, channel reservoir can utilize intermittent river channel to store water and be treated as isolated water storage structures with simple manufacture.
Highlights
FAO has defined drylands as those areas with a length of growing period of 1-179 days
Classification by the UNCCD employs a ratio of annual precipitation to potential evapotranspiration (P/PET) which are characterized between 0.05 and 0.65 [1]
The climatic characteristics at the research location were analyzed based on climate data recorded at the Gusti Syamsir Alam Airport Meteorological Station, Kota Baru, South Kalimantan which is located at a geographical position of -3.3 latitude and 116.17 east longitude, at an elevation of 2 m above sea level
Summary
FAO has defined drylands as those areas with a length of growing period of 1-179 days. Classification by the UNCCD employs a ratio of annual precipitation to potential evapotranspiration (P/PET) which are characterized between 0.05 and 0.65 [1] This value indicates the maximum quantity of water capable of being lost, as water vapor, in a given climate, by a continuous stretch of vegetation covering the whole ground and well supplied with water. High variability in both rainfall intensities and amounts are characteristics of dryland regions as the occurrence of prolonged periods of drought. Dryland farming is dependent solely on the water available from precipitation which stored into soil water at the time of seeding a crop to supplement the rainfall received during the growing season. Water harvesting which includes runoff farming, runoff storage, and dry farming using storage [4,5], can be less costly than irrigation and can be developed locally depending on rainfall and land conditions
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