Abstract
Francisella tularensis DNA extractions and isolates from the environment and humans were genetically characterized to elucidate environmental sources that cause human tularemia in Turkey. Extensive genetic diversity consistent with genotypes from human outbreaks was identified in environmental samples and confirmed water as a source of human tularemia in Turkey.
Highlights
Francisella tularensis DNA extractions and isolates from the environment and humans were genetically characterized to elucidate environmental sources that cause human tularemia in Turkey
F. tularensis was confirmed by PCR from 2 mice captured in Thrace [11], but in Turkey, confirmation has not been obtained from ticks or mosquitoes, which are known vectors of F. tularensis [1,4]
We report our findings from genetically characterized samples positive for F. tularensis from environmental and human sources located in multiple active tularemia areas in Turkey
Summary
In Turkey, tularemia cases in humans have increased since 2009 [7], but little is known about environmental sources. Genetic characterization of clinical samples from tularemia outbreaks in Turkey in 2011 showed that multiple phylogenetic groups cause disease in multiple regions across Turkey [5]; no environmental samples were assessed in that study. We report our findings from genetically characterized samples positive for F. tularensis from environmental and human sources located in multiple active tularemia areas in Turkey.
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