Abstract
Assessment of water and energy footprint for eight bottled water industries was carried out. The investigation showed that one litre of bottled water has a water footprint of 17.41 litres and energy footprint of 7.08 MJ. Water consumption by the industry comprises 61% during material production, 17% in processes, 16% in energy and only 6% in the actual product. Hence, maximum consumption of water is in material production, while the processes required a smaller fraction of the total water and energy consumed. Therefore, water footprint can be reduced through optimization of water consumption in material production.
Highlights
India is a developing country whose sustainable development and water usage are inextricably allied
85% of the rural population of India is dependent on ground water
Energy is required for Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) resins formation and blowing of performs, water processing (Sand filtration, RO, Ozonation, bottling etc.), transportation and for collection and recycling
Summary
India is a developing country whose sustainable development and water usage are inextricably allied. 85% of the rural population of India is dependent on ground water. Though about 60% of the population is dependent on surface water sources, the quality is deteriorating. According to the studies carried out, the amount of annual utilizable water in India is 1100 Billion Cubic Meters (BCM). To meet food supply requirement for its fast growing population, India would require about 770 BCM by 2025, which is 70% of the total and the demand would be 1013 BCM which is very much close to the potential (www.whoindia.org). There is water scarcity during critical summer season. Ten percent of the population depends on unsafe water sources. The chemical and agrochemical contaminants are mostly responsible for polluting surface and ground water respectively
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