Abstract
Minimizing energy expenditure is one of the main purposes of the managers of pressurized irrigation systems. From the energy consumption standpoint, they can reduce energy consumption by supplying a constant flow into the system (a scheme different from urban water pressurized networks in which water demands depend on users). Managers can keep energy demands (opening and closing valves) while meeting pressure restrictions. We developed a computer application in MATLAB containing a genetic algorithm to find the best moment to open and to close valves to minimize an objective function which measures the differences between the objective and the real injected flows. We tested this program in the pressurized irrigation network of the San Vicente Campus, University of Alicante (Southeast Spain) and we calculated the water and energy balance (from the later and present irrigation network) and the carbon credits not emitted to the atmosphere.
Highlights
The International Energy Agency [1] declared that energy used in water processes (850 TWh) is 4% of global electricity consumption plus 50 million tons of oil equal of thermal energy
The situation is similar in Europe, where the water sector is the main purchaser [2] and the energy expenditure is proportionate to 3% of overall electricity consumption [3,4]
The roughness coefficients equal to 100) supplying water to some 160 consumption nodes We provide network contains 23 km of pipes (891 pipes whose diameter varies among 1”–8”) (Hazen–Williams each consumption node with an electro valve that controls when to irrigate each plot roughness coefficients equal to 100) supplying water to some 160 consumption nodes We provide or when not to irrigate
Summary
The International Energy Agency [1] declared that energy used in water processes (850 TWh) is 4% of global electricity consumption plus 50 million tons of oil equal of thermal energy (used for desalination technologies and diesel pumps). The situation is similar in Europe, where the water sector is the main purchaser [2] and the energy expenditure is proportionate to 3% of overall electricity consumption [3,4]. One challenge that utility managers must handle is to reduce energy consumption in urban water pressurized networks (WPN). The European Commission presents as one of its fundamental purposes to reduce emissions and establishes in its targets for 2050, such reduction with commercial, industrial and social transition strategies [5].
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