Water and Aqueous Solutions

Abstract

Phonon spectrometrics examination of the effect of pressure, temperature, molecular undercoordination, and charge injection by acid, base, and salt solvation establishes the regulations for the hydrogen bonding and electronic dynamics and the properties of the deionized water and aqueous solutions. Consistency between theory and measurements confirms the essentiality of the quasisolid phase of negative thermal expansion due to O:H–O segmental specific heat disparity, and the supersolid phase due to electrostatic polarization by ions injection or molecular undercoordination. Lewis acid and base solvation creates the H↔H anti–HB due to the excessive protons and the O:⇔:O super–HB because of the excessive lone pairs, respectively. The multifield mediation of the HB network results in anomalies of water ice and aqueous solutions such as ice friction, ice floating, regelation, superheating and supercooling, warm water speedy cooling, and critical conditions for phase transition. Extending the knowledge towards the deep engineering of liquid water would be promising.