Abstract
The determination of trace element concentrations in fresh and marinewaters presents many difficulties because the quantities generally found are below ppb. It is possible to achieve such low detection limits by extraction followed by atomic absorption spectrometry with electrothermal atomization, provided errors due to non-specific absorption are eliminated as completely as possible. The employment of the Zeeman effect gave a mean for effective correction. The techniques selected for the determination of trace metallic elements are based on the analysis of dry residues for fresh waters and on extraction by organic solvents or ion-exchange resins for fresh and marine waters. In the case of brines, some elements are determined directly, making the Zeeman correction and employing a modifier of the matrix.
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