Abstract
Precision irrigation, defined as an efficient water allocation technique characterized by the optimal management and best collaboration of various factors of the irrigation process, attracts considerable attention in agricultural production and crop cultivation. This paper reviews the latest research developments in water allocation mechanism and integrative management effectiveness of precision irrigation, and highlights how irrigation water allocation and integrative management contribute to the high-efficiency performance of precision irrigation techniques; the irrigation models, irrigation infrastructure, and management strategies currently being used are emphasized. Thereafter, the future development prospects in water allocation and integrative management could be systematically analyzed and subsequently explored. Some frontier techniques such as data-oriented irrigation management, performance-proven water allocation, and cloud-based irrigation control are among the critical technologies capable of building a sustainable, integrative, and evolutionary irrigation system while providing the higher quality and efficiency needed for a full application of precision irrigation. This review could be used as an effective reference to study the complicated correlations between precision irrigation and its constructive influences in different environmental conditions, and to facilitate the practical promotion of irrigation productivity with higher accuracy and increased reliability of returns.
Highlights
Precision irrigation can be defined as an efficient collaboration and precise application of water to meet specific requirements of individual plants or management units and minimize related adverse environmental impacts
The impacts of irrigation management strategies on soil and plant water status and fluxes in photosynthesis and chamber transpiration were studied [97]. Their effectiveness verification results showed that, with the exception of the regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) treatment, water stress increase reduces the physiological parameters of an irrigation system due to stomatal and non-stomatal limiting factors
Based on the comprehensive discussions of water allocation mechanism and integrative management effectiveness, we underline several research directions in precision irrigation that could lead to the following new developments:
Summary
Precision irrigation can be defined as an efficient collaboration and precise application of water to meet specific requirements of individual plants or management units and minimize related adverse environmental impacts. As a holistic coordinated performance, precision irrigation enables the emergence of more flexible and reactive operational systems, and involves the optimal management and best operation of agricultural irrigation systems; it has been employed in response to the growing problem of water scarcity and the need for more effective irrigation management. Precision irrigation comprises a wide range of participant component systems, both at on-farm plot and scheme levels, corresponding to different management and monitoring realities, and having the potential to be applied as an effective water-allocation support tool for cropping patterns in an irrigated area and irrigation scheduling [1]. Advanced design methods and optimization tools of irrigation equipment enable the development of water allocation with both physical and virtual prototyping for the optimum collaboration of irrigation systems, which are capable of representing spatial and temporal water allocation variations within the agricultural field at a compatible resolution with farming management activities [2]
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