Abstract
Water used by mining enterprises needs to be comprehensively recovered and utilized to achieve clean production. This requires the effective treatment of mineral processing wastewater. Wastewater produced during non-ferrous metal mineral processing contains a complex mixture of pollutants at high concentrations, making comprehensive treatment difficult. Here, the sources of and hazards posed by wastewater produced during non-ferrous metal mineral processing are introduced and the techniques for removing heavy metal ions and organic chemicals are reviewed. Chemical precipitation and adsorption methods are often used to remove heavy metal ions. Chemical precipitation methods can be divided into hydroxide and sulfide precipitation methods. Organic chemicals are mainly removed using oxidation methods, including electrochemical oxidation, photocatalytic oxidation, and ultrasonic synergistic oxidation. External and internal cyclic utilization methods for treating wastewater produced by mineral processing plants are introduced, and a feasibility analysis is performed.
Highlights
Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Green Separation and Enrichment of Strategic Mineral Resources, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China
24 mg/L, and a Fe2+ concentration of 18 mg/L, 97.6% of the xanthate present was removed from real mineral processing wastewater, and the xanthate concentration in the treated wastewater met the relevant effluent discharge standard
The effective recycling of flotation wastewater is key to recycling mineral processing wastewater
Summary
The different components of ore have different physical and chemical properties. Mineral enrichment can be achieved using one or more methods (e.g., flotation separation, electrical separation, gravity concentration, and magnetic separation), depending on the characteristics of the raw ore. Wastewater from the flotation process includes tailing wastewater, concentrate wastewater, and raw ore washing water. Concentrate wastewater comprises the overflow water and filtered water produced during the concentrate dehydration process. This wastewater contains many flotation reagents, heavy metal ions, and suspended solids, which are generally difficult to remove. Tailing wastewater mainly comprises the overflow water and filtered water produced during the tailing dehydration process, and accounts for a large proportion (generally 50–70%) of the total wastewater produced at a processing plant. Water 2022, 14, 726 water from mineral processing workshops includes water from crushing and screening workshops, grinding workshops, and flotation workshops and mainly contains ore particles, flotation agents, and oil.
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