Abstract
Wastewater generated at industrial and communal facilities is treated within the limits of permissible values established by law. The drains of transport and tourism infrastructure in most cases are cleared with local treatment facilities. For wastewater purification, the biological method is most often used, which is implemented on complex and bulky wastewater purification plants located in large areas. It is proposed to carry out wastewater purification from small objects locally using physical and electrochemical technology with compact equipment. A design of a device for treating wastewater with cylindrical electrodes located coaxially with the device casing has been developed. It is shown that at the first stage of municipal wastewater purification in a laboratory setup with the appropriate parameters (plane tilt angle in a thin-layer sedimentation tank=45° and voltage on the 1st electric device with a soluble anode=12 V), the purification degree from weighted to 95 is ensured, 8 %. The purification of municipal wastewater in the second stage of purification (the 2nd electric device with an inert anode at 10 V and filtering through the clinoptilolite zeolite layer) increases the purification degree from suspended to 96.1 %. Wastewater purification of a car wash in the first electric device in front of a thin-layer sedimentation tank and in the 2nd electric device with an inert anode at a voltage of 10 V and filtering through a layer of clinoptilolite zeolite increases the degree of their purification from oil products to 95.6 %. The technology with the participation of developed electrical appliances leads to an increase in the degree of wastewater purification in terms of COD to 97.0 %. which allows to reduce the pollution discharge into the environment at the level of 50–70 %.
Highlights
At the present stage of development of society, environmental protection problems are of particular relevance, since the processes of reducing the emission of pollution into water resources are effective
One of the main factors of environmental pollution and environmental safety is the discharge of wastewater into natural water resources, as they contain hazardous components
The environment is especially polluted by wastewater from industrial facilities, which are located far from urban wastewater purification plants
Summary
At the present stage of development of society, environmental protection problems are of particular relevance, since the processes of reducing the emission of pollution into water resources are effective. Wastewater generated at small facilities (up to 100 m3 per day) is communal (tourist estates, summer camps for schoolchildren, military exercises, recreation facilities on the sea coast, rural schools, infectious diseases hospitals outside settlements) and infrastructure (gas stations, car washes , campsites) are generally not cleaned on site. They are discharged into municipal wastewater networks of cities or towns directly into rivers and are not treated at all, which leads to pollution of water resources. The discharge of polluted effluents into water from small objects without treatment is an extremely urgent problem
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