Abstract
The paper reports on wastewater management in food processing enterprises, using the Ciechanow Dairy Cooperative as an example. The efficiency of preliminary treatment of wastewater entering the municipal sewerage system was evaluated using basic pollution indices for wastewater pre-treated in the process of chemical neutralisation as well as results of physical and chemical analyses of raw wastewater from fromage fraise and cottage cheese production lines. The number of exceedances of permissible values of pollution indices in pre-treated wastewater was determined based on values set in the water legal permits issued by the relevant authority. Pre-treated wastewater entering the municipal sewerage system met the standards for permissible wastewater pollution indicators excluding BOD5 (biochemical oxygen demand) and COD (chemical oxygen demand). Physical and chemical analysis was performed of total raw wastewater and wastewater discharged from fromage fraise and cottage cheese production lines. Pollution indicators (COD, total nitrogen, orthophosphates, total suspensions, fats, pH) had high values but they remained within the ranges typical for dairy food processing.
Highlights
Dairy industry is one of major branches of food processing industry in Poland
Raw wastewater discharged by the Ciechanów Dairy Cooperative had high Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) (4,895 mg O2/dm3, on average)
Raw wastewater sampled in discharges from fromage fraise and cottage cheese production lines had much higher COD (Table 1) which fell within the range reported by Chudzik [4]
Summary
Dairy industry is one of major branches of food processing industry in Poland. Milk production has increased by 58.9% over 2000–2010. The yearly milk production now is almost 12 milliard litres. Assuming the indicator of wastewater volume per unit of production is 3.5 m3/ 1 m3 of milk processed, it can be estimated that in Poland the daily discharge of dairy wastewater is approximately 92,000 m3 [16]. The wastewater is characterised by much higher pollution indicators and varied volumes discharged compared with municipal wastewater. It is much more difficult to exploit such dairy processing facilities [1]. Varied wastewater discharges by milk processing plants constitute an additional difficulty. Efficient treatment of dairy wastewater is of paramount importance from the standpoint of water environment protection
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