Wasted Ganoderma tsugae Derived Chitosans for Smear Layer Removal in Endodontic Treatment

Huang Huang,Wang Wang,Hsieh Hsieh,Teng Teng,Yang Yang

doi:10.3390/polym11111795

Huang Huang, Wang Wang + Show 3 more

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https://doi.org/10.3390/polym11111795

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Abstract

The objective of this study is to investigate the synergistic effects of acid etching and metal-ion chelation in dental smear layer removal using wasted Ganoderma tsugae derived chitosans. The wasted Ganoderma tsugae fruiting body was used to prepare both acid-soluble fungal chitosan (FCS) and alkali-soluble polysaccharide (ASP). To explore the effective irrigant concentration for smear layer removal, a chelating effect on ferrous ions was conducted. Specimens of various concentrations of EDTA, citric acid, and polysaccharide solutions were reacted with FerroZine™ then the absorbance was examined at 562 nm by a UV-visible spectrophotometer to calculate their metal chelating capability. Twenty extracted premolars were instrumented and individually soaked in the solutions of 15 wt% EDTA, 10 wt% citric acid, 0.04 wt% ASP, 0.04 wt% FCS, and normal saline were randomly divided into five groups (N=4). Next, each tooth was cleaved longitudinally and examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to assay the effectiveness of smear layer removal. The chelating capability for EDTA, FCS, and ASP showed no significant difference over the concentration of 0.04 wt% (p > 0.05). The SEM results showed that 0.04 wt% FCS solution was effective in smear layer removal along the canal wall. These results indicated that Ganoderma tsuage derived FCS in acid solutions could be a potential alternative as a root canal irrigant solution due to its synergistic effect.

Highlights

The goal of endodontic treatment is to clean the root canal system and eliminate the microorganisms as well as necrotic pulp tissue remnants to prevent reinfection of pulpal/periradicular pathosis [1].Root canal disinfection is usually achieved by mechanical instrumentation and chemical irrigation solution due to the complexity of root anatomy [2]
The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results showed that 0.04 wt% fungal chitosan (FCS) solution was effective in smear layer removal along the canal wall
These results indicated that Ganoderma tsuage derived FCS in acid solutions could be a potential alternative as a root canal irrigant solution due to its synergistic effect

Summary

Introduction

The goal of endodontic treatment is to clean the root canal system and eliminate the microorganisms as well as necrotic pulp tissue remnants to prevent reinfection of pulpal/periradicular pathosis [1]. Root canal disinfection is usually achieved by mechanical instrumentation and chemical irrigation solution due to the complexity of root anatomy [2]. Smear layer is a thin layer of pulverized mixture comprising of dentin, pulp, and bacterial remnants found spread on root canal walls after instrumentation [3]. Many smear layer removal methods were proposed such as chemical [6], ultrasonic [7], and laser [8] techniques, but none of them are totally effective throughout the length of all canals [9]

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