Abstract
This chapter describes the manufacturing processes, energy requirement, waste characterization, environmental impacts, pollution prevention and abatement, treatment technologies, costs, monitoring, global overview, and standard requirement of air emission and effluents discharge of the chlor-alkali industry. The caustics chain begins with sodium chloride (NaCl) and forms the basis for what is often referred to as the chlor-alkali industry. Major products of the chlor-alkali industry, include chlorine, sodium hydroxide, soda ash, sodium bicarbonate, potassium hydroxide, and potassium carbonate. In the diaphragm process, there are two compartments, which are anode and cathode separated by a permeable diaphragm, often made of asbestos fiber. Membrane cells are acknowledged as most efficient for chlor-alkali. The hydrogen gas from chlor-alkali cells is usually used for the production of hydrochloric acid or as a fuel to produce steam. The solution-mined brine or the solid salt dissolved in a salt dissolver is treated in a reactor with sodium carbonate and caustic soda to precipitate calcium carbonate and magnesium hydroxide.
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