Waste Rose Flower and Lavender Straw Biomass-An Innovative Lignocellulose Feedstock for Mycelium Bio-Materials Development Using Newly Isolated Ganoderma resinaceum GA1M.

Galena Angelova,Petya Stefanova,Veselin Vladev,Petko Denev,Atanas Enev,Mariya Brazkova,Albert Krastanov,Denica Blazheva,Roumiana Zaharieva,Nadejda Petkova,Daniela Karashanova,Anton Slavov

doi:10.3390/jof7100866

Abstract

In this study, for the first time, the potential of rose flowers and lavender straw waste biomass was studied as feeding lignocellulose substrates for the cultivation of newly isolated in Bulgaria Ganoderma resinaceum GA1M with the objective of obtaining mycelium-based bio-composites. The chemical characterization and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy established that the proximate composition of steam distilled lavender straw (SDLS) and hexane extracted rose flowers (HERF) was a serious prerequisite supporting the self-growth of mycelium bio-materials with improved antibacterial and aromatic properties. The basic physico-mechanical properties of the developed bio-composites were determined. The apparent density of the mycelium HERF-based bio-composites (462 kg/m3) was higher than that of the SDLS-based bio-composite (347 kg/m3) and both were much denser than expanded polystyren (EPS), lighter than medium-density fiber board (MDF) and oriented strand board (OSB) and similar to hempcrete. The preliminary testing of their compressive behavior revealed that the compressive resistance of SDLS-based bio-composite was 718 kPa, while for HERF-based bio-composite it was 1029 kPa and both values are similar to the compressive strength of hempcrete with similar apparent density. Water absorbance analysis showed, that both mycelium HERF- and SDLS-based bio-composites were hydrophilic and further investigations are needed to limit the hydrophilicity of the lignocellulose fibers, to tune the density and to improve compressive resistance.

Highlights

Roses and lavender are plant species, which have been highly appreciated for centuries, and because of their diverse biologically active substance content, they have an industrial impact on essential oil production worldwide [1,2]
The ability of a newly isolated in Bulgaria focus this study is to explore the chemical characteristics of hexane extracted biofungalThe strain toofgrow on hexane extracted rose flowers (HERF)
The selection of HERF and steam distilled lavender straw (SDLS) as substrates in this study was mainly based on the fact that they are generated globally and in Bulgaria in significant amounts as essential oil industry waste by-products

Summary

Introduction

Roses and lavender are plant species, which have been highly appreciated for centuries, and because of their diverse biologically active substance content, they have an industrial impact on essential oil production worldwide [1,2]. Bulgaria and Turkey have long traditions in rose oil production and dominate the world market, followed by Iran, Morocco, France, Italy, India and China [1]. The most common methods for the production of essential oils are water-steam distillation, steam distillation and solvent (non-polar solvents and liquefied gases) extraction of the raw plant materials. More than 20,000 t of steam distilled lavender straw (SDLS), about 29,000 t of steam distilled rose flowers (SDRF) and hexane extracted rose flowers (HERF) are generated each year only in Bulgaria [1]

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Results

Conclusion