Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the ethyl esters (EE) production obtained with waste oil (WO) and crambe oil (CO) blends using supercritical ethanol. Experiments were carried out to evaluate the effect of temperature, residence time and water concentration (in the ethanol) on the EE yield. Reactions were also conducted with pure oils for comparison purposes. The results show that an increase in temperature and residence time favors the production of esters; however, with an increase in decomposition. The EE yields obtained followed the order CO>blend 25/75 (WO/CO)>blend 50/50 (WO/CO)>WO. It was found that the degree of decomposition is related to the content of polyunsaturated fatty acids. The addition of water to the ethanol promoted an increase in the EE yield in the initial reaction time, but from 30 min the observed effect was minimal. Ethyl linoleate and linolenate underwent degradation under the applied operating conditions. Therefore, the blend with 25/75 (WO/OC) and the addition of 5 wt% of water provided a better yield, with ∼70 % esters at 300 °C and ∼10 wt% unreacted compounds.
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