Abstract
Waste materials are receiving more attention as concerns about the future of our planet increase. Cellulose is the most common substance in agricultural waste. Agricultural wastes containing cellulose are misplaced resources that could be reused in various fields for both environmental and economic benefits. In this work, 32 different kinds of waste are investigated for chemical modification in order to obtain carboxymethyl cellulose for the production of a superabsorbent hydrogel that can be applied in agriculture. A brief literature review is provided to help researchers wishing to obtain carboxymethyl cellulose by carboxymethylation starting with waste materials. We also provide details about methods to obtain as well as verify carboxymethylation. Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), as a constituent of cellulosic water and superabsorbent hydrogels with applications in agriculture, is described. Superabsorbent hydrogels with CMC are able to absorb huge amounts of water and are biodegradable.
Highlights
Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is a substance that can be produced by the chemical modification of cellulose from agricultural wastes and afterwards find implementation in the preparation of a biodegradable superabsorbent hydrogel; for this reason, it is highlighted in this paper
We considered whether studies pertained to agriculture, polymer synthesis, sustainable development or biodegradation
“n. r.”—not reported; “AGU”—anhydrous glucose unit. By this method, used by Moussa et al for the synthesis of CMC from agricultural waste consisting of almond shells, synthesis is carried out in two steps: alkalization of cellulose and its etherification
Summary
Agricultural waste material is receiving more attention as concerns about the future of our planet increase, and it is a resource whose utilization could make an important contribution to establishing a more sustainable living environment [1]. The mediating factor that could enable the transition from harmful waste material into a useful and environmental friendly product is superabsorbent polymers with applications in agriculture. Such polymers present a very desirable class of materials that can be used for different purposes. Since not all countries experience sufficient precipitation for agricultural purposes during different times of the year, having a product that allows the slow release of water when it is needed would be very useful. CMC is a substance that can be produced by the chemical modification of cellulose from agricultural wastes and afterwards find implementation in the preparation of a biodegradable superabsorbent hydrogel; for this reason, it is highlighted in this paper
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