Abstract
The aim of this study was to review the significant of waste heat recovery technologies as means of achieving sustainable energy development. Most developing nations of the World are faced with the enormous release of industrial waste heat of low temperature grade to the environment. Unlike material waste that is clearly visible, waste heat can be difficult to identify and evaluate both in terms of quantity and quality. Hence, understanding the availability of waste heat, and the ability to recover it, offer great opportunity to reduce energy costs and associated environmental impacts. Utilizing low-grade energy from waste heat sources is considered to offer a significant contribution to improving overall energy efficiency in the energy-intensive industrial sectors. The concept of industrial waste heat is explained, potential sources of waste heat from industries are identified, and the technologies available for waste heat recovery are presented in this study. From the review study, it is shown that about 72% of the global primary energy consumption is lost after conversion, while 63% of the considered waste heat streams arise at a temperature below 100 °C in which electricity generation has the largest share followed by transportation and manufacturing industry. The results of this study reveals that considerable amount of waste heat can be technically and economically recovered through sustainable technologies with prospective capacity for the much desired sustainable energy development. Specifically, in-depth utilization of waste heat resources can effectively moderate the rate of depletion of the fossil fuels and sufficiently reduce toxic emissions to within acceptable limits that are compatible to the projected time of full deployment of renewable energy (RE) source.
Highlights
Energy is a prime necessity of life which determines the quality of life of the citizens, the political power of a government, and the level of industrial, technological and socioeconomic development of the nation
It is common knowledge that carbon dioxide is responsible for global warming and has been established that global CO2 emissions is primarily a reflection of the world’s fossil energy consumption [10]
An in-depth analysis of the energy saving characteristics of the improved waste heat utilization system (WHUS) conducted in a typical 1000 MW unit showed net power output increased by 19.51 MW, exergy efficiency improved to 45.46%, and net annual revenue reached USD 4.741 million
Summary
Energy is a prime necessity of life which determines the quality of life of the citizens, the political power of a government, and the level of industrial, technological and socioeconomic development of the nation. According to Abadi et al [71], ORCs applications are advantageous over the steam Rankine cycle at the lower temperatures because the thermal efficiency of ORCs becomes economically feasible by using low-boiling Organic fluids to recover waste heat at temperatures below 300 ̊C, especially when used as bottoming cycles for low-temperature waste heat recovery in process industries, enhance the efficiency improvement in a power station generating less than 20 MW, and to recuperate heat from geothermal sources Another preferential advantage of ORC systems is utilization of organic working fluids that typically require single stage expanders which are simpler and more cost effective as regards capital costs and maintenance [72]. Hybrid turbocharger used for propulsion and auxiliary services at no Mechanical turbo-compound extra fuel costs and zero associated CO2 system emissions
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