Abstract
This paper illustrates the application of waste glass powder as part of the binder in slag–fly ash systems activated by NaOH and NaOH/Na2CO3 activators. To evaluate the reaction kinetics, reaction products, mechanical properties, and durability performance of glass powder modified alkali activated slag–fly ash systems, calorimetry test, X-ray diffraction, FTIR, strength test, drying shrinkage tests, and carbonation test were conducted. From the isothermal calorimeter results, glass powder shows a higher reactivity compared to fly ash but still lower than slag. The reaction products of glass power modified samples exhibit an enhancement of polymerization degree of Si–O–T, observed in FTIR. As a consequence, higher drying shrinkage exists in glass modified mortars. The mechanical performance of different samples is mostly controlled by the Ca/Si of dry mixtures and activator type. After the slag–fly ash binder system was modified by the waste glass, a significant enhancement of resistance to carbonation was identified, especially for NaOH/Na2CO3 activated mortars, which show an increase of 300% on the carbonation resistance ability compared to the reference sample. The Na/(Si + Al) ratio of dry mixtures exhibits a positive correlation with carbonation resistance.
Highlights
The cement production consumes a large quantity of energy and natural resource every year to meet the global demand for construction. 120–160 kWh of energy and 1.5 t of raw materials are consumed for 1 ton of cement production [1]
The present study evaluates the application of waste glass in slag–fly ash alkali activated binder systems
The different parts of slag–fly ash binder replaced by waste glass induce the enhancement or reduction of the reaction intensity and reaction rate
Summary
The cement production consumes a large quantity of energy and natural resource every year to meet the global demand for construction. 120–160 kWh of energy and 1.5 t of raw materials are consumed for 1 ton of cement production [1]. The cement production consumes a large quantity of energy and natural resource every year to meet the global demand for construction. 120–160 kWh of energy and 1.5 t of raw materials are consumed for 1 ton of cement production [1]. Supplementary cementitious materials (SCM), such as GGBS, fly ash, silica fume and waste glass have attracted more attention as ingredients in concrete manufacture, combined with OPC [2, 3]. For the purpose of energy conservation and environment protection, alkali activated concrete—a kind of clinker free building material—has been studied for several years. Ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) and fly ash are usually applied in the production of alkali activated concrete.
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