Waste Disposal Sites as All-You-Can Eat Buffets for Carrion Crows (Corvus corone).

Doris Preininger,Bjoern Schoas,Markus Boeckle,Diether Kramer

doi:10.3390/ani9050215

Abstract

Simple SummarySeveral bird species like common ravens, carrion crows, hooded crows, and rooks are held responsible for damage to agricultural land and crops. Especially in urbanized areas, they are increasing in abundance and are considered nuisance animals. We estimated the population size of carrion crows over the course of one year in relation to waste and non-waste sites in the federal state Vorarlberg, Austria. The current study showed that several human-related food resources influence the abundance of crows. More crows were observed in survey areas of biogas production and green-waste sites compared to reference sites 3 km distant from waste sites. Continuous hunting activities over the past two decades have not reduced population size. We suggest that the sustainable long-term stabilization and reduction of generalist corvid species populations can only be achieved if anthropogenic food resources are limited.In cities and densely populated areas, several corvid species are considered nuisance animals. In Austria, particularly carrion (Corvus corone) and hooded crows (C. cornix) are regarded as pests by the general public that frequently cause damage to crops, feed on human waste, and thus spread trash. We conducted a detailed one-year field survey to estimate the abundance of carrion crows in relation to potential anthropogenic food sources and reference sites in the Austrian Rhine valley. Our results demonstrated that the number and proximity of waste management facilities, animal feeding areas, and agricultural areas, and the productive capacity of agricultural areas, predominantly influenced habitat choice and abundance of carrion crows. In the current study, the probability of observing more than two carrion crows at a survey site decreased with increasing human population density. Moreover, the abundance of crows increased despite a continuous increase in crow hunting kills registered during the past 25 years. Our study suggests a regionally comprehensive waste management plan could serve as a promising strategy to manage nuisance birds. A reduction in anthropogenic food supply through improved waste management practices is required for long-term, sustainable management to limit the abundance of crow populations in and close to urban environments.

Highlights

Several bird species adapted to human settlement have increased their abundance in urbanized areas throughout the world
The best model explaining the abundance of crows (C. corone and C. cornix) included capacity value, distance to the nearest waste disposal site, the number of waste disposal sites within 2.5 km, distance to animal feeding areas, the number of animal feeding areas within 2.5 km, distance to the nearest agricultural area, river, Lake Constance, and protected area, and excluded the distance to the nearest animal feeding area, daytime, and season (Table 1)
Our findings demonstrate that the abundance increased of crows in developed areas with areas anthropogenic food sources

Summary

Introduction

Several bird species adapted to human settlement have increased their abundance in urbanized areas throughout the world. Animals 2019, 9, 215 that successfully colonize urban habitats and congregate near human-related food sources. Corvids benefit from the anthropogenic impact on the environment caused by urban development, and their populations have increased in cities, suburbs, and agricultural areas worldwide [1,2,3,4,5]. Members of the genus Corvus successfully use waste disposal sites as a reliable food source. An increased abundance of crows is often related to the supplementary food supply [6,18,19,20]. Accessibility to, available waste has been suggested as an effective long-term method to reduce the population of common ravens [21]

Objectives

Methods

Results

Discussion

Conclusion