Abstract
Abstract The site of the 1984 International Garden Festival in south Liverpool originated when part of an eroding foreshore of the Mersey estuary was reclaimed by the deposition of 6 million tonnes of domestic waste behind a 10 m high retaining wall. The scheme began in 1957, and was an extension to an even older reclamation project which produced the Otterspool Promenade Gardens. Development of the 40 ha Festival site, following completion of tipping, involved a substantial amount of re-contouring of the waste materials to produce a more interesting landscape, including several water features. Associated engineering works were required to maintain the cleanliness of surface water, control the emission of methane and permit the construction of buildings over refuse. The scheme is an example of the way in which the least sophisticated method of waste disposal can, with appropriate engineering, produce environmental benefits in terms of both coastal protection and land reclamation. Other examples, though less ambitious, demonstrate that this is not an isolated case.
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