Abstract
The objective of this research was to produce biodiesel using waste cooking oil and various magnetite catalysts with the esterification-transesterification process. Magnetite catalysts tested were α- Fe2O3, α- Fe2O3/Al2O3, α- Fe2O3/ZSM-5 catalysts. Catalysts were prepared through chemical precipitation and calcination. The esterificationtransesterification process was carried out with the conditions WCO: methanol molar ratio of 15:1, catalyst (1% wt of oil), heated at 65℃ for 3 hrs. The results showed biodiesel production using α- Fe2O3-ZSM-5 catalyst obtained higher %FAME (83.28%), yield (91.915%) and monoglyceride content (16.72%) compared to others due to larger pore volume. Biodiesel produced passed the requirement of Indonesian National Standard (SNI) based on density, acid number and viscosity.
Highlights
In the production of biodiesel, waste cooking oil is used as raw material
It was found that %FFA contained in waste cooking oil was 6.175%
Waste cooking oil used in this study has a FFA content above 2% (6.178%)
Summary
Palm oil is one of the most important agricultural products in Indonesia. The national Crude Palm Oil (CPO) production has increased by 8% from 32.18 MT in 2017 to 34.71 MT in 2018. CPO was used as raw material in cooking oil production. Used cooking oil is abundant as waste. Waste cooking oil (WCO) refers to vegetable oil that has been used in food production and no longer viable for its intended use. WCO is a potentially problematic waste stream which requires proper management. The problem arises lately as many restaurants and hotels sold WCO to other dealers, which recycle it. The recycled oil supposedly should not be used for cooking as it is unfit for consumption, causing health hazards when it is consumed or used in processing products (Tsai, 2019)
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