Abstract

The design and performance of engineered waste containment systems, notably systems for the containment of liquid and gas, are addressed in this paper. These systems are used at landfills (for containment of municipal, industrial, hazardous, and low-level radioactive waste), surface (i.e., liquid) impoundments, and mine storage and leaching pads. Emphasis in this paper is placed on waste containment systems used at modern municipal solid waste (MSW) and hazardous waste (HW) landfills in the United States. In this paper, the term “modern” landfill means a landfill designed to meet current U.S. regulations and constructed and operated according to the state of practice in the U.S. from the mid 1980’s forward. The paper provides a discussion of the following subjects, presented in the order listed: waste and by-products of waste decomposition; basic components of waste containment systems; evaluation of liner hydraulic performance; evaluation of liquid collection layer hydraulic performance; waste containment system field performance; and summary and conclusions.

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