Abstract
This article explores state-sponsored sectarian violence in 1920s Bahrain and the key characteristics that violence shares with contemporary, sociological definitions of genocide, the most serious of crimes against humanity. Using colonial archives as well as other relevant documentary evidence—but also acknowledging limitations in these sources—the article applies what is known about the sectarian violence to Jacques Semelin's concept of the subjugatory massacre. The article suggests that scholarship on Bahrain should fully confront the question of past crimes against humanity in order to understand contemporary political struggles for human rights and participatory democracy, as well as generational trauma within Shi’a communities.
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