Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) represents a pruritic chronic inflammatory skin disease with a complex background triggered by genetic and environmental factors. Different dendritic cell subtypes, such as Langerhans cells (LC), inflammatory dendritic epidermal cells (IDEC) and plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) play a key role in AD and impact on the mechanisms underlying AD such as the recruitment of inflammatory cells, T cell-priming and cytokine and chemokine release. Besides combining bacterial and viral stimuli, allergens influence the course and severity of AD. AD shows a homogenous clinical picture, but on the basis of various pathophysiological causes in each individual, it can be divided into several subtypes, predominated by different genetic and immunological mechanisms. In the future, new insights about the complex pathophysiology of AD should help not only to identify severe forms at an early stage in order to implement effective preventive strategies, but also treat each patient individually according to the characteristics of the respective subtype. In this review, we highlight the recent progress made in research studies about AD and focus on the latest research results published in this field.
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