Abstract
AbstractAlthough current assessments of shark population trends involve both fishery‐independent and fishery‐dependent data, the latter are generally limited to commercial landings that may neglect nearshore coastal habitats. Texas has supported the longest organized land‐based recreational shark fishery in the United States, yet no studies have used this “non‐traditional” data source to characterize the catch composition or trends in this multidecadal fishery. We analyzed catch records from two distinct periods straddling heavy commercial exploitation of sharks in the Gulf of Mexico (historical period = 1973–1986; modern period = 2008–2015) to highlight and make available the current status and historical trends in Texas’ land‐based shark fishery. Catch records describing large coastal species (>1,800 mm stretched total length [STL]) were examined using multivariate techniques to assess catch seasonality and potential temporal shifts in species composition. These fishery‐dependent data revealed consistent seasonality that was independent of the data set examined, although distinct shark assemblages were evident between the two periods. Similarity percentage analysis suggested decreased contributions of Lemon Shark Negaprion brevirostris over time and a general shift toward the dominance of Bull Shark Carcharhinus leucas and Blacktip Shark C. limbatus. Comparisons of mean STL for species captured in historical and modern periods further identified significant decreases for both Bull Sharks and Lemon Sharks. Size structure analysis showed a distinct paucity of landed individuals over 2,000 mm STL in recent years. Although inherent biases in reporting and potential gear‐related inconsistencies undoubtedly influenced this fishery‐dependent data set, the patterns in our findings documented potential declines in the size and occurrence of select large coastal shark species off Texas, consistent with declines reported in the Gulf of Mexico. Future management efforts should consider the use of non‐traditional fishery‐dependent data sources, such as land‐based records, as data streams in stock assessments.Received January 8, 2016; accepted August 17, 2016
Highlights
A historical data set of sharks caught in the Texas recreational shark fishery was developed from catch logs of the Corpus Christi Shark Association (CCSA), which were provided by Captain Billy Sandifer
The various data sets documented a total of 17 different shark species (Table 1)
Historical data had a smaller contribution of juveniles, represented by Atlantic Sharpnose Sharks, Blacktip Sharks, Bull Sharks, Dusky Sharks, Finetooth Sharks, Lemon Sharks, Smooth Hammerheads, Spinner Sharks, and Tiger Sharks
Summary
The modern data set included age-0 sharks of several species, such as the Atlantic Sharpnose Shark, Blacktip Shark, Dusky Shark, Downloaded From: https://bioone.org/journals/Marine-and-Coastal-Fisheries:-Dynamics,-Management,-and-Ecosystem-Science on 08 Nov 2021 Terms of Use: https://bioone.org/terms-of-use Winter assemblages were not included in the multivariate analyses due to inconsistent reporting among data sets, but modern data indicated that catch during winter is dominated by Sandbar Sharks (94%), a species that is currently listed as recreationally prohibited and commercially limited to a small research fishery in the United States
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