Warfarin modulates the nitrite reductase activity of ferrous human serum heme–albumin

Abstract

Human serum heme-albumin (HSA-heme-Fe) displays reactivity and spectroscopic properties similar to those of heme proteins. Here, the nitrite reductase activity of ferrous HSA-heme-Fe [HSA-heme-Fe(II)] is reported. The value of the second-order rate constant for the reduction of [Formula: see text] to NO and the concomitant formation of nitrosylated HSA-heme-Fe(II) (i.e., k on) is 1.3M(-1)s(-1) at pH 7.4 and 20°C. Values of k on increase by about one order of magnitude for each pH unit decrease between pH 6.5 to 8.2, indicating that the reaction requires one proton. Warfarin inhibits the HSA-heme-Fe(II) reductase activity, highlighting the allosteric linkage between the heme binding site [also named the fatty acid (FA) binding site 1; FA1] and the drug-binding cleft FA2. The dissociation equilibrium constant for warfarin binding to HSA-heme-Fe(II) is (3.1±0.4)×10(-4) M at pH 7.4 and 20°C. These results: (1) represent the first evidence for the [Formula: see text] reductase activity of HSA-heme-Fe(II), (2) highlight the role of drugs (e.g., warfarin) in modulating HSA(-heme-Fe) functions, and (3) strongly support the view that HSA acts not only as a heme carrier but also displays transient heme-based reactivity.