Abstract

This chapter addresses the mostly unmanaged explorations of military (and a few civilian) archaeological enthusiasts in the context of the ongoing French onslaught on the former Ottoman principalities of al-Jazā'er and Constantine. It also reports the obliteration of ancient archaeological sites in Syria and northern Iraq by Daesh. The chapter then chronicles the nearly two-hundred-year struggle over the rightful place of ancient monuments located in the former Ottoman Empire to understand Daesh's recent destruction of classical remains. It emphasizes the intimate connection between the modern destruction of classical antiquities and the persistent legacy of European colonial and postcolonial violence to both the people and objects found in North Africa and the Middle East. Ultimately, the chapter examines how the wartime explorations of military archaeological enthusiasts shape the mission and narrative of classical archaeology in North Africa for decades to come.

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