Walkability as an Indicator of Neighbourhood Resilience ( breakout presentation )

Abstract

Background Reducing car-dependency can significantly reduce the negative impact of neighbourhoods in terms of energy consumption and GHG emissions. In this way, walkable neighbourhoods assist in climate change mitigation plans by decreasing reliance on fossil fuels for transportation. Furthermore, many features associated with walkable environments, including street trees and green space networks, play important roles in supporting overall neighbourhood climate change resilience by mitigating urban heat island (UHI) and managing storm water. In addition to this, walkability can have significant impact on adaptation to climate change-related events, and so plays an important role in increasing the resilience of a neighbourhood. Aim This paper investigates the impact of neighbourhood design on transportation mode choice by examining walkability through its role in satisfying the basic needs of the community during and after a disruption. This is based on the assumption that walkability is employed as a method of transportation, not just as recreation. Placed in context of the wider relationship between walkability, transportation, and land use designation, the significant role played by neighbourhood design in supporting urban resilience is outlined and opportunities for further research highlighted. Method The paper presents a comparison of two neighbourhoods from different eras and examines them in terms of walkability and resilience. Using walkshed mapping, the relationship between walkability, distance, amenities, and basic needs is revealed, and therefore the overall resilience of the subject neighbourhoods are better understood. The relative resilience of different parts of each neighbourhood are also revealed. Results and Conclusion The relationship between neighbourhood resilience, walkability, and transportation must also be considered when creating walkable environments. Distance, local risks, as well as mitigation and adaptation are important factors requiring consideration. Using a checklist of walkable design elements (trees, sidewalks, architectural guidelines) does not necessarily support neighbourhood resilience in the face of extreme weather events especially in the context of supporting the basic needs of the local community.