Waking levels of salivary biomarkers are altered following sleep in a lab with no further increase associated with simulated night-time noise exposure

Abstract

The goals of this study were twofold. First, we assessed if waking salivary hormone profiles are altered by nighttime noise exposure in a laboratory environment. Second, we evaluated the potential influence that sleeping in the lab in itself may have had on salivary biomarkers, by comparing results obtained following sleep at home. Twelve adults (7 males, 5 females) between 19-25 yrs slept at home and in a sleep laboratory. Subjects provided six saliva samples during waking hours on the day prior to sleep in the lab, on both days after sleeping in the lab and on the day following the resumption of sleep at home. Following one night of adaptation, subjects were exposed throughout the 2nd night to simulated backup alarms that consisted of trains of 5 consecutive 500 ms duration audible tones. The time between the onset of each tone was 1 s and the time between trains (offset to onset) was 15 to 20 s. When compared to home conditions, cortisol and melatonin levels were higher following sleep in the laboratory 30 minutes after awakening. However, no significant differences were noted for any salivary biomarker between the 1st and 2nd night in the sleep lab, suggesting that these endpoints were not influenced by exposure to noise on the 2nd night. Waking profiles of alpha-amylase were not influenced by where the subjects slept. Subjective reports of sleep disturbance following sleep in the lab were also obtained. For most of the day there was no apparent influence of the laboratory noise exposure. However, subjects did report more sleepiness during the evening (8 pm) following the 2nd night in the laboratory. In general, overall sleep quality was rated slightly higher upon awakening from sleep at home. Factors that might have contributed to the observations in this study are discussed, including those related to the potentially non-representative sample.