Abstract

We study the wake effect in a supported graphene layer induced by external charged particles moving parallel to it by using the dynamic polarization function of graphene within the random phase approximation for its π electrons described as Dirac's fermions. We explore the effects of a substrate assuming that graphene is supported by an insulating substrate, such as SiO2, and a strongly polar substrate, such as SiC, under the gating conditions. Strong effects are observed in the wake pattern in the induced density of charge carriers in supported graphene due to finite size of the graphene-substrate gap, as well as due to strong coupling effects, and plasmon damping of graphene's π electrons. We find that the excitation of surface phonons in the substrate may exert quite strong influences on the wake effect in the total electrostatic potential in the graphene plane at low particle speeds.

Highlights

  • Graphene is a flat monolayer of carbon atoms tightly packed into a two-dimensional (2D) honeycomb lattice [1]

  • In our previous publications [19, 20], the wake effect due to fast charged particles that move at speeds in excess of the Bohr’s speed over a supported 2DEG characterized by a single energy band with parabolic dispersion

  • Influence of the size of the graphene-substrate gap on the wake effect is in accord with the conclusions found in our previous publications [29, 30, 38] about the importance of the gap size on the stopping and image forces on external charges moving near graphene

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Summary

Introduction

Graphene is a flat monolayer of carbon atoms tightly packed into a two-dimensional (2D) honeycomb lattice [1].

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