Waist-to-Height Ratio Cut-Off Points for Central Obesity in Individuals with Overweight Across Different Ethnic Groups in NHANES 2011–2018

Abstract

Background: The identification of surrogate measures of central obesity is of clinical importance, and the waist-to-height ratio (WtHR) has recently attracted great interest as an alternative method. Objective: For this reason, we aimed to establish specific WtHR cut-off points for adiposity (i.e., central obesity) in four different ethnicity groups across both sexes based on data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) population. Methods: Of the total 23,037 participants who completed four cycles of the survey between the years 2011 and 2018, anthropometric measures (i.e., body weight, waist circumference, and height) and dual X-ray absorptiometry-derived visceral adipose tissue (DXA-derived VAT) results were available for 3566 individuals who were assessed in this cross-sectional study. Participants with an overweight status defined according to the World Health Organization (WHO) body mass index (BMI) cut-off points (25–29.9 kg/m2) were included. The sample was then categorized by adiposity according to the DXA-derived VAT tertiles (highest), and based on the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, the best sensitivity and specificity were attained for predicting central obesity using the WtHR. Results: The following WtHR cut-offs were identified as having the best discriminating ability for central obesity: 0.57 for White males and 0.58 for White females; 0.55 for Black males and 0.57 for Black females; 0.56 for Asian males and 0.59 for Asian females; and 0.57 for Hispanic males and 0.59 for Hispanic females. Conclusions: These new WtHR cut-off points should be utilized in adults with overweight to screen for central adiposity based on their sex and ethnicity, and obesity guidelines therefore need to be revised accordingly.