Abstract
Metabolically healthy (MH) and metabolically unhealthy (MUH) phenotypes can be present in any subject independently of their body mass index (BMI). However, factors related to the presence of these phenotypes are poorly understood. Therefore, the aim of this cross-sectional study is to describe the prevalence and characteristics associated with the MH and MUH phenotypes in Mexican subjects with different BMI categories. Anthropometric and biochemical parameters were evaluated after 12 h of fasting. HMW (High Molecular Weight) adiponectin and insulin levels were measured by ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay). A total of 345 subjects were included, of which, 73.9% were women. The prevalence of the MH phenotype was 69.9%, 46.7%, and 19% in normal weight, overweight, and obesity, respectively. ROC (receiver operating characteristic) curve analysis showed that the waist circumference demonstrated a statistical significance (p < 0.01) in detecting the MUH phenotype in each BMI group only in women. Furthermore, subjects with lower HMW adiponectin levels showed a 2.1 increased risk of presenting the MUH phenotype. In conclusion, in this Mexican population, waist circumference was an anthropometric parameter that identified women with the MUH phenotype in all BMI categories and hypoadiponectinemia was a risk factor for the presence of this phenotype.
Highlights
Overweight and obesity are defined as an abnormal or excessive accumulation of fat that may impair health [1]
metabolically unhealthy (MUH) phenotype demonstrated that weight and waist circumference were lower in the Metabolically healthy (MH) phenotype in each body mass index (BMI) group
Protein mass was lower in the MH than in the MUH phenotype, but only in overweight individuals
Summary
Overweight and obesity are defined as an abnormal or excessive accumulation of fat that may impair health [1]. A body mass index (BMI) > 30 kg/m2 does not necessarily lead to metabolic disorders; some individuals with obesity according to their BMI, may have better metabolic profiles than expected [4]. These subjects are known as “metabolically healthy obese” [3,4] because they can be characterized by insulin sensitivity, lipid profile, blood pressure, and inflammation markers within the normal range, despite an elevated fat mass [3,4]. In obese subjects, the absence of risk factor values exceeding the metabolic syndrome definition threshold should not be equated to being “healthy”
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