Abstract

Although the correlation coefficient between body mass index (BMI) and poor lipid profile has been reported, representing a cardiovascular risk, the need to find new early detection markers is real. Waist circumference and markers of atherogenic dyslipidemia are not usually measured in medical review appointments. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between central adiposity and cardiovascular risk. This was a cross-sectional pilot study of 57 young males (age: 35.9 ± 10.85, BMI: 32.4 ± 6.08) recruited from community settings and allocated to non-obese or obese attending to their waist circumference. Total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoproteins (HDL-C), and low-density lipoproteins (LDL-C) cholesterol and triglycerides (TG) were measured from plasma samples. Patients with at least 100 cm of waist circumference had significantly increased TC, LDL-C, non-HDL-C, and triglycerides and lower levels of HDL-C. The three atherogenic ratios TC/HDL-C, LDL-C/HDL-C, and TG/HDL-C were all optimal in non-obese patients. LDL-C/HDL-C and TG/HDL-C were significantly higher and over the limit when assessing for atherogenic dyslipidemia. The number of patients at risk for cardiovascular events increases 2.5 folds in obese compared to non-obese. Measurement of waist circumference could be adopted as a simpler valid alternative to BMI for health promotion, to alert those at risk of atherogenic dyslipidemia.

Highlights

  • Obesity is spreading across the planet at an unstoppable rate

  • Values are expressed as mean ± standard deviation (SD)

  • Our results show that the average in normal weight with CV risk rises to 56% based on the LDL-C value and around 40% for Total cholesterol (TC), non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and TG/HDL-C ratio

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Summary

Introduction

Obesity is spreading across the planet at an unstoppable rate. It affects developed countries and lower-middle-income countries, jeopardizing the health systems’ viability [1]. In Spain, overweight and obesity have a prevalence equal to 61.6%, occupying the 18th position concerning the ranking of 52 Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries [2]. The leading causes of mortality in the world are ischemic heart disease and stroke, which caused 15.2 million deaths in 2016 and have been the principal causes of mortality in the last 15 years [3]. The concurrence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in obese people is well established [4,5]. Metabolic syndrome is defined as cardiovascular (CV) risk related to obesity

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