Abstract
W-state is an important resource for many quantum information processing tasks. In this paper, we for the first time propose a multi-party measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution (MDI-QKD) protocol based on W-state. With linear optics, we design a W-state analyzer in order to distinguish the four-qubit W-state. This analyzer constructs the measurement device for four-party MDI-QKD. Moreover, we derived a complete security proof of the four-party MDI-QKD, and performed a numerical simulation to study its performance. The results show that four-party MDI-QKD is feasible over 150 km standard telecom fiber with off-the-shelf single photon detectors. This work takes an important step towards multi-party quantum communication and a quantum network.
Highlights
The quantum key distribution (QKD) protocol, which is based on the principles of quantum mechanism, is unconditionally secure in theory[1,2]
In order to remove the demanding requirement for trusted measurement devices, we focus our attention on multi-party measurement-device-independent QKD (MDI-QKD)
A group of four-particle entanglement W states is introduced, and a four-particle W-state analyzer based on linear optics is proposed
Summary
The quantum key distribution (QKD) protocol, which is based on the principles of quantum mechanism, is unconditionally secure in theory[1,2]. In order to remove the demanding requirement for trusted measurement devices, we focus our attention on multi-party MDI-QKD. Appropriate entanglement states and their analyzers are the premises for the design of a multi-party MDI-QKD protocol. An elegant GHZ-type multi-party MDI-QKD protocol has been recently proposed in ref. 38 is primarily limited to three participants, and in a situation with more participants, the GHZ-type MDI-QKD is restricted to a very low key rate Another potential candidate to build multi-party MDI-QKD is cluster state, but an efficient cluster-state analyzer based on linear optics remains unknown. In a large-scale quantum Internet, a better analyzer and a different type of entanglement state are essential and required in order to design a multi-party MDI-QKD protocol and to obtain a high key rate. A W-state analyzer, which would enable the state of multiple particles to be projected into a W-state, still has to be constructed properly
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