Abstract

In this article general principles of special education are discussed from the Vygotskian perspective. First it is suggested that for understanding of special education in particular and the psyche and its development in general, structuralsystemic epistemology should be applied. To understand special education, psyche and its development should be understood at different levels of analysis. In this paper first life is defined in order to define psyche as a special form of life. Psyche, at the next more specific level of analysis is distinguished into complementary parts, that of individual and its environment. Environment is defined next and theoretically distinguished into four kinds. On this theoretical background, pedagogy and special education are defined. Special education should be based on thorough understanding of the learner at different levels of analysis: according to general stages of development, according to within-stage development, and at the level of the structure of cognition. Two principal targets of the special education and three basic strategies of neuropsychological rehabilitation and special education are distinguished. *** A compreensão Vygotskyana (mas só em parte de Vygotsky) da educação especial ***Neste artigo, os princípios gerais da educação especial são discutidos a partir da perspectiva Vygotskyana. Em primeiro lugar, sugere-se que, para a compreensão da educação especial em particular e da psique e seu desenvolvimento em geral, a epistemologia estrutural-sistêmica deve ser aplicada. Para entender a educação especial, a psique e seu desenvolvimento devem ser entendidos em diferentes níveis de análise. Neste artigo, a primeira vida é definida com o intuito de definir a psique como uma forma especial de vida. A psique, no nível seguinte e mais específico da análise, é diferenciada em partes complementares, do indivíduo e de seu ambiente. O ambiente é definido em seguida, e distinguido teoricamente em quatro tipos. Nesta base teórica, a pedagogia e a educação especial são definidas. A educação especial deve basear-se na compreensão completa do aprendiz em diferentes níveis de análise: de acordo com estágios gerais de desenvolvimento, de acordo com o desenvolvimento durante o estágio, e no nível da estrutura do conhecimento. Destacam-se dois alvos principais da educação especial e três estratégias básicas de reabilitação neuropsicológica e educação especial.Palavras-chave: Educação especial; Vygotsky; Luria; Estratégias; Epistemologia estrutural-sistêmica.

Highlights

  • In this article general principles of special education are discussed from the Vygotskian perspective

  • One of them is the idea that learning disabilities are not originally biologically grounded but rather socio-cultural and the other is the concept of the Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) that helped to improve the education of students with special education needs considerably (e.g., CHALAYE & MALE, 2011; GINDIS, 1999; KOWALIK-OLUBINSKA, 2012; YAN-BIN, 2009)

  • It is an environment that is interpreted with semiotically mediated psychic processes or, in Vygotsky’s terms, with culturally based Higher Psychic Functions (HPF)

Read more

Summary

Aaro Toomela

Vygotsky’s ideas have been popular in the West for about half a century. More than in other fields, his ideas have contributed to cultural and developmental psychology and education. If Vygotsky’s main contribution would be only the concept of the ZPD and understanding that learning difficulties are related to socio-cultural environment ignoring his theory would be well justified These two ideas are trivial (see more on this: TOOMELA, 2015b). To follow Vygotskian way of thinking we have to define the levels of analysis of the central concept for education – psyche This may seem to be easy: many scholars today would assume that psyche is purely individual phenomenon that can be located in the brain. Even studies of selective social and sensory deprivation confirm: in impoverished social or sensory environment, the psyche begins to disintegrate (see for a review: TOOMELA, 2016a, ch. 3)

What is environment
What is pedagogy
What is special education
General stages of psychic development
Structure of cognition
Mechanism of development
Two principal targets of special education
Full Text
Paper version not known

Talk to us

Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have

Schedule a call

Disclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.