Abstract
VelkĂĄ hospodĂĄĹskĂĄ krize prohloubila problĂŠmy vĂ˝marskĂŠ republiky a pĹispÄla k nastolenĂ nacistickĂŠ diktatury. V hospodĂĄĹskĂŠ oblasti vĹĄak jiĹž ve druhĂŠ polovinÄ 20. stoletĂ existovaly symptomy, kterĂŠ doklĂĄdaly slabost nÄmeckĂŠ ekonomiky. NejvÄtĹĄĂm problĂŠmem se stalo zadluĹženĂ stĂĄtu a vysokĂŠ veĹejnĂŠ vĂ˝daje, kterĂŠ souvisely s velkĂ˝m objemem zahraniÄnĂch pĹŻjÄek. PolitickĂŠ strany se nedokĂĄzaly shodnout na protikrizovĂ˝ch reformĂĄch, proto ĹĂĹĄskĂ˝ prezident Paul von Hindenburg v roce 1930 jmenoval kanclĂŠĹem Heinricha BrĂźninga. Jeho vlĂĄda se soustĹedila na vyrovnĂĄnĂ rozpoÄtu a zruĹĄenĂ reparacĂ. Proto kabinet pĹijal Ĺadu drastickĂ˝ch ĂşspornĂ˝ch opatĹenĂ, kterĂĄ mÄla za cĂl snĂĹženĂ stĂĄtnĂch vĂ˝dajĹŻ a udrĹženi stability mÄny. ZvolenĂĄ deflaÄnĂ politika nevÄnovala pozornost rychle rostoucĂ nezamÄstnanosti a sociĂĄlnĂ nestabilitÄ, kterĂĄ se odrazila v nĂĄrĹŻstu preferencĂ radikĂĄlnĂch stran - NSDAP a KPD. HospodĂĄĹskĂ˝ propad dosĂĄhl svĂŠho vrcholu po vypuknutĂ tzv. bankovnĂ krize, zpĹŻsobenĂŠ krachem velkĂ˝ch berlĂnskĂ˝ch bankovnĂch domĹŻ. VlĂĄda i nadĂĄle pokraÄovala v deflaÄnĂ politice, neboĹĽ vychĂĄzela ze zkuĹĄenosti s hyperinflacĂ z let 1923-1924 a vÄtĹĄina politikĹŻ se obĂĄvala, Ĺže by novĂŠ ĂşvÄry a stĂĄtnĂ zĂĄsahy do ekonomiky vedly ke znehodnocenĂ mÄny a politickĂ˝m nepokojĹŻm.Ani nĂĄsledujĂcĂ kabinety Franze von Papena a Kurta von Schleichera nedokĂĄzaly zastavit dopad hospodĂĄĹskĂŠ krize. AĹž novĂĄ vlĂĄda Adolfa Hitlera zahĂĄjila ĂŠru stĂĄtnĂch investic do zbrojenĂ a veĹejnĂ˝ch staveb, a tak pĹispÄla k ukonÄenĂ hospodĂĄĹskĂŠ krize.
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