Abstract
Given the characteristics of the COVID-19 pandemic and the limited tools for orienting interventions in surveillance, control, and clinical care, the current article aims to identify areas with greater vulnerability to severe cases of the disease in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, a city characterized by huge social and spatial heterogeneity. In order to identify these areas, the authors prepared an index of vulnerability to severe cases of COVID-19 based on the construction, weighting, and integration of three levels of information: mean number of residents per household and density of persons 60 years or older (both per census tract) and neighborhood tuberculosis incidence rate in the year 2018. The data on residents per household and density of persons 60 years or older were obtained from the 2010 Population Census, and data on tuberculosis incidence were taken from the Brazilian Information System for Notificable Diseases (SINAN). Weighting of the indicators comprising the index used analytic hierarchy process (AHP), and the levels of information were integrated via weighted linear combination with map algebra. Spatialization of the index of vulnerability to severe COVID-19 in the city of Rio de Janeiro reveals the existence of more vulnerable areas in different parts of the city's territory, reflecting its urban complexity. The areas with greatest vulnerability are located in the North and West Zones of the city and in poor neighborhoods nested within upper-income parts of the South and West Zones. Understanding these conditions of vulnerability can facilitate the development of strategies to monitor the evolution of COVID-19 and orient measures for prevention and health promotion.
Highlights
Após o processo de integração temática obteve-se o mapa que expressa no território o índice de vulnerabilidade à forma grave da COVID-19 na cidade do Rio de Janeiro na escala de setores censitários, sendo este analisado em diferentes escalas geográficas como Regiões Administrativas e bairros
In order to identify these areas, the authors prepared an index of vulnerability to severe cases of COVID-19 based on the construction, weighting, and integration of three levels of information: mean number of residents per household and density of persons 60 years or older and neighborhood tuberculosis incidence rate in the year 2018
The data on residents per household and density of persons 60 years or older were obtained from the 2010 Population Census, and data on tuberculosis incidence were taken from the Brazilian Information System for Notificable Diseases (SINAN)
Summary
Vulnerability to severe forms of COVID-19: an intra-municipal analysis in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Diante da pandemia de COVID-19 e da escassez de ferramentas para orientar as ações de vigilância, controle e assistência de pessoas infectadas, o presente artigo tem por objetivo evidenciar áreas de maior vulnerabilidade aos casos graves da doença na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, caracterizada por grande heterogeneidade socioespacial. Para além da situação epidemiológica, a cidade do Rio de Janeiro apresenta uma desigualdade social marcante quanto às condições de habitação, renda e estrutura demográfica 6, a qual coloca à vigilância a necessidade premente de identificar espaços de maior vulnerabilidade às formas graves da doença, com vistas à otimização do controle da dispersão e prevenção de sua forma grave. O presente artigo objetiva caracterizar os espaços intraurbanos da cidade do Rio de Janeiro quanto à vulnerabilidade à ocorrência da forma grave da COVID-19, compreendida como fatores que potencializem sua transmissão e agravamento dos casos
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