Vulnerability of the mid aged rat myocardium to the age-induced oxidative stress: Influence of exercise training on antioxidant defense system

Abstract

This study investigated the onset of age-related changes in the myocardial antioxidant defense system (ADS) and the vulnerability of the myocardium to oxidative stress following exercise training. Few studies have investigated the influence of the most prevalent life-prolonging strategy physical exercise, on the age-dependent alterations in the myocardial antioxidant enzyme system of female rats at mid age and to determine whether exercise-induced ADS could attenuate lipid peroxidation. Two age groups young (3 months old) and mid age (12 months old) Wistar strain female albino rats were given chronic exercise training for a period of 12 weeks. We found a striking decrease (p < 0.01) in the activity levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione reductase (GR) in the myocardium of mid aged rats when compared to young rats by 36, 50 and 29%, respectively, suggesting the onset of age-dependent decrease in the myocardial ADS. A similar age-related decrease (p < 0.01) was observed in the reduced glutathione (GSH) content (36%). Despite the reduction in ADS, lipid peroxidation (LPO) (20%) was also decreased. In contrast, exercise training significantly elevated (p < 0.01) these antioxidant enzyme activities and the content of GSH. The increase in SOD and CAT activities were more pronounced in the mid aged rats when compared to younger rats, but increased the level of lipid peroxidation to higher levels in the mid-age group following the training regimen. The findings of the present study suggest that, although the activity levels of the myocardial antioxidant enzymes were elevated with the 12 weeks of exercise training, the changes were not sufficient enough in attenuating oxidative stress in the myocardium of female rats during this short period of exercise training.