Abstract

Domestic workers are one of the most vulnerable groups of workers. In Ethiopia, however, the vulnerability, legal protection, and work conditions of female domestic workers are not well-documented and researched. Hence, the purpose of this study was to investigate the vulnerability, legal protection, and work conditions of female domestic workers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. A cross-sectional qualitative research design was employed using in-depth interviews, key informant interviews, and focus group discussions. The study participants were 15 domestic workers, three officials from the Office of Labor and Social Affairs, and five brokers of domestic workers. Findings indicate that female domestic workers experienced abuse in various forms including verbal or psychological abuse, physical abuse, and sexual assault. Female domestic workers in the study area had few or no labor rights or protection. They rarely had clear contractual relations, worked long hours for low pay, and had little or no privacy. There is neither a proper state institution to promote the rights of domestic workers nor a strong viable movement among or on behalf of domestic workers. Hence, a relevant legislative framework developed by the city and national governments, and strong advocacy efforts to expose their working conditions are needed to improve the work conditions of female domestic workers.

Highlights

  • Domestic workers are one of the most vulnerable groups of workers

  • The lack of protection of domestic workers in Egypt, Ethiopia, and Mali resulted in the violation of their rights which in turn exposed them to abuse and exploitation (African Union, 2015)

  • This study examined the legal protection, vulnerability, and work conditions of female domestic workers from the perspective of domestic workers, brokers, and government officials

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Summary

Introduction

Domestic workers are one of the most vulnerable groups of workers. In Ethiopia, the vulnerability, legal protection, and work conditions of female domestic workers are not well-documented and researched. The purpose of this study was to investigate the vulnerability, legal protection, and work conditions of female domestic workers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. According to the estimates of the ILO (2010), at least 52.6 million men and women were employed as domestic workers across the world To put this into perspective, if all domestic workers worked in one country, this country would be the tenth largest employer worldwide (ILO, 2010). Annabel and Tekleab (2007) reported that 15% of the female adolescent population in Addis Ababa were domestic workers, most of whom had migrated from rural areas These domestic workers are often not aware of their rights and have little access to legal protection as they work within the confines of private homes and are vulnerable to domestic violence, abuse, and exploitation. The lack of protection of domestic workers in Egypt, Ethiopia, and Mali resulted in the violation of their rights which in turn exposed them to abuse and exploitation (African Union, 2015)

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