Abstract
Urban rail transit has received much attention in the last two decades, and a significant number of cities have established urban rail transit networks (URTNs). Although URTNs have brought enormous convenience to the daily life of citizens, system failures still frequently occur, therefore the vulnerability of URTNs must be a concern. In this paper, we propose a novel measurement called the node strength parameter to assess the importance of nodes and present a redundant recovery scheme to imitate the system recovery of URTNs subjected to failures. Employing three malicious attacks and taking the Nanjing subway network as the case study, we investigated the network vulnerability under scenarios of different simulated attacks. The results illustrate that passenger in-flow shows the negligible impact on the vulnerability of the node, while out-flow plays a considerable role in the largest strength node-based attack. Further, we find that vulnerability will decrease as passenger out-flow increases, and the vulnerability characteristics are the same with the increase in the construction cost of URTNs. Considering different attack scenarios, the results indicate that the highest betweenness node-based attack will cause the most damage to the system, and increasing the construction cost can improve the robustness of URTNs.
Highlights
In 1863, the UK opened the first subway line in the world, in London; since many metropolises have constructed their own urban rail transit systems
Figure illustrates the of urban rail transit networks (URTNs) possess the same changing trends when γ = 0.1, and it shows that maximum effective group (MEG) increasesthat as the different of Nanjing subway network subjected to largest strength node-based attack (LSA)
URTNs more as the MEG exhibits the same vulnerability for a fixed tunable parameter and different tunable characteristics of URTNs for =0.2 ; it shows that URTNs are very vulnerable under the LSA, and the tolerance parameter γ increases
Summary
In 1863, the UK opened the first subway line in the world, in London; since many metropolises have constructed their own urban rail transit systems. Evaluated the passenger robustness of rail transit networks from two aspects, i.e., without-bridging and with-bridging interruptions; Lu [9] modeled the resilience of URTNs based on operational incidents, while Wang et al [10] considered the Shanghai subway network as an example to investigate robustness using a multiple perspective method. Yang et al [16] took the Beijing subway network as an example to measure route diversity; Saidi et al [17] analyzed the long-term planning for ring-radial rail systems, and Raveau et al [18] compared the passenger behavior for route choice in URTNs from five aspects These three studies investigated route-planning to boost robustness. The betweenness is often used to describe the transport ability of the station of URTNs, and nodes with a high betweennesses play vital roles in the transport ability of URTNs
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