Vulnerability assessment of the coastal zone of the Nile delta of Egypt, to the impacts of sea level rise

Abstract

A survey of the detailed quantitative assessment of the vulnerability of the Nile delta coast of Egypt to the impacts of sea level rise, is presented. GIS and remote-sensing techniques are used together with ground-based surveys to assess vulnerability of the most important economic and historic centers along the coast, the cities of Alexandria, Rosetta and Port-Said. Results indicate that, in these cities alone, over 2 million people will have to abandon their homes, 214 000 jobs and over $ 35.0 billion in land value, property, and tourism income may also be lost due to a SLR of 50 cm. The loss of the world famous historic, cultural and archeological sites is unaccountable. The vulnerability of other low land in Egypt outside these cities remains to be assessed. Development of institutional capabilities for ICZM and upgrading awareness are highly recommended for adaptation in the long run. Periodic nourishment of Alexandria and Rosetta beaches, detached break waters for Port-Said, and sand dune fixation are the recommended no regrets management measures.