Vulnerability Analysis of Fire Evacuation at Urban Kampong Using Space Syntax Method, Penggilingan Jakarta as a Case Study

Abstract

Urban settlements including kampong at DKI Jakarta Province are vulnerable to fire hazards. The fire risk will increase along with the increase of kampong’s population, the density of housing units in the area, and spatial accessibility quality. However, the understanding of urban kampong’s spatial configuration related to the vulnerability degree of fire hazards is limited. The purpose of this study is to identify the vulnerability of urban kampong structures related to fire evacuation. Penggilingan Sub-district of East Jakarta City, DKI Jakarta, and its surrounding area were selected as a case study to represent high-density urban kampong with high fire hazards events. The space syntax analysis is utilized as a tool to analyse the main indicators of spatial vulnerability: connectivity, mean depth, and integration of the area. Connectivity affects the easiness of evacuation during a fire disaster. Meanwhile, integration and mean depth affect the level of accessibility. The correlation of connectivity and integration implies an intelligibility degree that is a supporting parameter of wayfinding. It is identified that several areas in Penggilingan Sub-district are vulnerable to fire in the aspect of evacuation because of their low connectivity and accessibility. The result of this study can be developed as a basis for evacuation planning and fire safety management in the urban dense kampong.