Abstract
This study deals with the important key ingredients of risk assessment pertaining to vulnerability analysis in respect of accidental release of the hazardous materials and industrial siting and planning. A wide range of mathematical modelling techniques ranging from very crude to sophisticated heavy gas dispersion models have been discussed and compared. Case studies have been undertaken for the recent industrial accidents in India with the help of appropriate mathematical models developed for this purpose. Simulations have also been performed under worst meteorological conditions for the accidental release of toxic material such as chlorine(Cl 2) stored at an industrial site. The role of meteorology and dispersion modelling is shown for industrial siting and planning. Also intercomparison is made in respect of various operational models (for dispersion of toxic chemicals due to accidental release in the atmosphere) by simulating the dispersion scenario due to the recent industrial accident in Chembur, Bombay resulting in the spillage of 2 t of Cl 2. The paper ends with the current practices in the quantification of health hazards and with the specific issues where more research is needed.
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