VTA Dopamine Neuron Activity Distinguishes Alcohol‐Preferring (P) Rats from Wistar Rats

Abstract

The mesolimbic dopamine (DA) system is innately deficient in rats selectively bred for high alcohol drinking behavior compared with rats selectively bred for low alcohol drinking and unselected rats. In alcohol-preferring (P) rats, compared with alcohol-nonpreferring (NP) rats, this is evidenced by fewer DA neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) projecting to the nucleus accumbens (ACB). Yet, despite this deficiency, DA release in the ACB is similar in P, NP, and Wistar rats. DA release is regulated by DA neuronal activity, and DA neurons fire tonically as well as in bursts. Burst firing has been shown to substantially enhance DA release compared with tonic firing. The present study was designed to test the hypothesis that the remaining VTA DA neurons in P rats have faster firing frequencies and/or burst fire more frequently than VTA DA neurons in Wistar rats. The spontaneous activity of VTA DA neurons was recorded in unanesthetized alcohol-naive P and Wistar rats. A conventional burst analysis on 500 consecutive action potentials revealed that P rats had a significantly (p < 0.05) greater percentage of action potentials in bursts when compared with Wistar rats (P: 50.9%, Wistar: 34.4%). Firing frequency and other burst parameters (burst interspike interval, burst length, interburst interval, and the number of action potentials per burst) did not distinguish the two groups of rats. The increased burst activity in P rats may represent a compensatory mechanism to maintain adequate basal levels of DA despite the deficiency in the mesolimbic DA system.