Abstract
The forced switching converters are a new version of the High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) technology that uses voltage source converters (VSC), which are based mainly on insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBT). VSCs utilize a power electronic valve with both turn‐on and turn‐off capability. The converters work by using pulse width modulation (PWM), making it possible to alter both the phase and amplitude, which allows the independent regulation of active and reactive power, as well as the voltage and frequency control. From the AC transmission grid point of view, the VSC‐HVDC systems act similar to a motor or generator without inertia, which is able to control the active and/or reactive power. The VSC‐HVDC technology is known as HVDC Light (ABB), HVDC Plus (Siemens), or MonSin (GE/Alstom). Like line commutated converter (LCC) ‐ HVDC or current source converter (CSC) ‐ HVDC, a VSC transmission scheme enables reliable and controllable power transfer between networks.
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