Abstract
Abstract Newton’s theories of mechanics and gravity are discussed in detail and the gravitational force within a hollow mass is considered. Newton’s theories led to the greatest revolution in the history of science. The lives and work of John Michell and Henry Cavendish, two important, but lesser-known figures of eighteenth-century science, are also discussed. The text describes William Herschel and his discovery of the planet Uranus. In the nineteenth century, Urbain Le Verrier used Newtonian mechanics to deduce the existence of another planetary body—Neptune. Le Verrier went on to find discrepancies in the orbit of Mercury and suggested these might be due to an unseen inner planet subsequently named Vulcan, but no-one was able to find conclusive evidence for the existence of this planet.
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