Abstract
Abstract Diagnostics from the observational dataset of the Australian Monsoon Experiment (AMEX) have revealed two interesting characteristics of convective systems over the Australian Tropics (Part I of this study). The first is a midlevel convergence maximum in situations of disorganized convection, which implies weak low-level and strong upper-level convective heating. The second is the presence of large apparent vorticity sources during deep convective and stratiform events. It is suggested that these characteristics are related to the ascent and descent motions in tropical cloud systems and to the way in which they redistribute mass and the background vorticity. To investigate the importance of these features of convection on tropical prediction, a representation of the observed thermodynamic and kinematic effects of clouds has been implemented in the Bureau of Meteorology Research Centre's tropical limited-area model. To represent the observed structure of convective heating in numerical simulation e...
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